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钨在冶金和金属材料领域中属高熔点稀有金属或称难熔稀有金属。钨及其合金是现代工业、国防及高新技术应用中的极为重要的功能材料之一,广泛应用于航天、原子能、船舶、汽车工业、电气工业、电子工业、化学工业等诸多领域。特别是含钨高温合金主要应用于燃气轮机、火箭、导弹及核反应堆的部件,高比重钨基合金则用于反坦克和反潜艇的穿甲弹头。钨是一种分布较广泛的元素,几乎遍见于各类岩石中,但含量较低。
Tungsten in the field of metallurgy and metal is a rare metal with high melting point or rare refractory metal. Tungsten and its alloy is the modern industry, national defense and high technology in the application of one of the most important functional materials, widely used in aerospace, atomic energy, ship, automobile industry, electrical industry, electronic industry, chemical industry and other fields. Especially the tungsten containing high temperature alloy is mainly used in gas turbines, rocket, missile and nuclear reactor components, high density tungsten based alloy is used for anti tank and anti submarine armor piercing warhead. Tungsten is widely distributed a elements, almost all in all kinds of rocks, but the content is low.
通过有关地质作用加以富集才能形成矿床作为商品矿石开采。钨在地壳中的平均含量为1.3×10-6,在花岗岩中含量平均为1.5×10-6。钨在自然界主要呈六价阳离子,其离子半径为0.68×10-10m。由于W6+离子半径小,电价高,具有强极化能力,易形成络阴离子,因此钨主要以络阴离子形式[WO4]2-,与溶液中的Fe2+、Mn2+、Ca2+等阳离子结合形成黑钨矿或白钨矿沉淀。黑钨矿结晶温度为320~240℃,白钨矿的结晶温度为300~200℃。
Through the relevant geological function can be formed as a commodity to be enriched deposit ore mining. The average content of tungsten in the earth's crust is 1.3 * 10-6, in granite content is 1.5 * 10-6. Tungsten in nature is mainly the six divalent cations, the ionic radius of 0.68 x 10-10m. Because the W6+ ionic radius, high price, has the strong polarization ability, easy to form anions, so tungsten mainly anions form [WO4]2-, combined with the solution of Fe2+, Mn2+, Ca2+ and other cations of wolframite scheelite deposition or formation. Wolframite crystallization temperature of 320 to 240 DEG C, the crystallization temperature of scheelite is 300 to 200 DEG C.
在表生作用中,由于含钨矿物较稳定,常形成砂矿。但在酸性条件下,含钨矿物可被分解,并以WO3形式溶于地表水中,在一定条件下形成某些钨的次生矿物。有时以矿物微粒或离子形式被粘土或铁锰氧化物吸附而集聚于页岩、泥质细砂岩及铁锰矿层中。
In the supergene action, because of tungsten minerals is stable, often forming placer. But in acidic conditions, tungsten mineral can be decomposed, and in the form of WO3 dissolved in the surface water, secondary minerals formed some tungsten under certain conditions. Sometimes in the form o. Sometimes in the form of clay mineral particles or ions or iron manganese oxide adsorption and agglomeration in shale, argillaceous packsand and iron manganese ore.
如今在古老的变质岩系中发现有层控钨矿床和钨的矿源层,说明在变质作用过程中,钨也能发生某种程度的富集。
Now in the old metamorphic rocks are found in the ore source bed stratabound tungsten deposits and tungsten, shows that in the process of metamorphism, tungsten can also occur in some degree of enrichment.
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