Mineral resources and war
美国民间著名的世界观察研究所在其研究报告《全球预警》中指出，“在整个人类历史进程中，获取和控制自然资源的战争，一直是国际紧张和武装冲突的根源”。西方资本主义国家，在20世纪的不同时代里反复声称：“谁掌握了资源，谁就能控制世界”。
America folk famous Worldwatch Institute in its Research Report "global warning" pointed out, "throughout human history, war acquisition and control of natural resources, has been the source of international tension and armed conflict". The western capitalist countries, repeatedly said in a different era in twentieth Century: "who mastered the resources, who will be able to control the world".
（一）矿产资源决定战争胜败
(a) mineral resources determine the victory
两次世界大战，德国的失败虽有其军事战略的失误，但其矿产资源储备不足也是其失败的原因之一。
The two World War, Germany's defeat in spite of its military strategy errors, but the mineral resources reserve deficiency is one of the reasons for failure.
两次世界大战，交战双方迅速采取一切手段，进行“饥饿封锁”，切断对方的矿产资源补给线。一战中，德国以潜艇作为攻击手段，破坏英美的海上供应线，致使美国从圭亚那进口铝土矿受到影响，进而推迟飞机生产计划。同时，英国采用贸易管制制度，成功地切断了德国某些关键性矿产原料的供应，使德国得不到玻利维亚的锡、智利的铜、加拿大的镍、葡萄牙的钨、土耳其的铬等，极大削弱了德军的力量。二战爆发后，美、英开始利用空中力量，轰炸德国的燃料供应国罗马尼亚的油田。石油的匮乏，导致德军机械化优势无法发挥。美国海军利用潜艇，封锁日本海上石油供给线，燃油的短缺使日本的运输系统陷入瘫痪。虽然二战前，德国吸取了一战中资源储备不足的教训，加强了矿产资源战略储备。但是，短期内无法改变德国军事工业依赖国外矿产供应的现状，而且对战争期间矿产资源供应容易受到切断这一点没有充分认识和准备。苏联军事专家指出，二次大战中苏德战争的胜利，很大程度上是苏联食品储备和国防需要的主要战略原料储备起了保障作用。
The two World War, both sides quickly by all means, "hunger blockade", cut off the supply lines each other mineral resources. During the war, German submarine as a means of attack, maritime supply lines damaged Britain, resulting in USA imported from Guyana bauxite is affected, and the delay in the aircraft production plan. At the same time, the British used trade control system, succeeded in cutting off the German certain key mineral raw material supply, the German not to Bolivia, Chile, Canada tin copper nickel, tungsten, chromium Portugal in Turkey, greatly weakened the German forces. After the outbreak of World War II, beauty, Britain began to use the air force bombing of Germany, fuel supply in Romania oilfield. Oil shortage, leading to the German mechanized advantage can not play. USA Navy submarine blockade by Japan, offshore oil supply lines, fuel shortages transportation system in Japan paralyzed. Although before the Second World War, Germany from the shortage of resources reserves in a war in the lesson, strengthen the strategic reserves of mineral resources. However, the short term can not change the status of German military industrial dependence on foreign supply of minerals, but also for the war of mineral resources supply vulnerable to cut a point without fully understanding and preparation. Military experts from Soviet Union pointed out, Sood war two war victory, largely Soviet food reserves and the needs of national defense major strategic materials reserve plays a role in safeguarding.
现代战争打的是矿产资源消耗战，如果国家没有充足的矿产资源储备作为保障，就容易因外来攻击或经济封锁而被切断矿产资源供应链，无法保障战时所需军用物资，进而影响战争成败。
The modern war is the consumption of mineral resources and mineral resources, if countries do not have adequate reserves as a guarantee, it is easy for foreign attack or economic blockade severed mineral resources supply chain, can not guarantee the required in wartime military supplies, and the success of the war.
（二）战争促进矿产资源战略储备的建立
(two) the war promotes a strategic reserve of mineral resources
经过两次世界大战后，无论是战胜国还是战败国，都充分认识到建立矿产资源战略储备的重要性。
After the two World War, either victorious or defeated, are fully aware of the importance to establish the strategic reserves of mineral resources.
一战初期，美国作为中立国，大量开发本国资源。提供战时世界石油需求的65%，协约国石油供应的80%；供应了世界铜产量的60%。在聚敛财富的同时，引起了国内矿产储量的迅速枯竭。为此，1921年美国矿业局的研究小组发表了一份报告称“应加强对海外落后地区的矿产勘查和开发，进行矿产品的战略储备”。该报告虽没有达到制订矿产资源战略储备的目的，但这个政策研究报告的思想影响是深远的。
The opening stages of the war, America as a neutral country, a lot of development of domestic resources. Provide in world oil demand in 65%, the Entente countries 80% of the oil supply; supply world copper production 60%. In amassing wealth. At the same time, caused a rapid depletion of domestic mineral reserves. Therefore, the research team in 1921 America mining bureau published a report called "should strengthen the overseas backward areas of mineral exploration and development, strategic reserve of mineral products". The report did not achieve the purpose of formulating the strategic reserves of mineral resources, but the effects of this policy study thought is profound.
矿产资源过去一直是，今后仍将是世界各国采用政治的、经济的、甚至军事手段争夺和控制的对象。
Mineral resources in the past has been, will be used in the world political, economic, and even military means to compete for and control object.
